Introduction to Project Managementمقدمة في إدارة المشاريع
مقدمة الفصل
ماذا ستتعلم في هذا الفصل
- Understand project management terminology.
- Describe project attributes.
- Discuss the iron triangle factors.
- Describe project management framework.
- Describe project management certification.
- Describe project management software.
أقسام الفصل
- 1What is a project?ما هو المشروع؟
- 2IT projectsمشاريع تقنية المعلومات
- 3Project attributesخصائص المشروع
- 4The iron triangle (triple constraints)المثلث الحديدي (القيود الثلاثة)
- 5Project management and the project managerإدارة المشاريع ومدير المشروع
- 6Project stakeholdersأصحاب المصلحة
- 7The ten knowledge areasمجالات المعرفة العشرة
- 8Tools, techniques and super toolsالأدوات والتقنيات والأدوات الفائقة
- 9Project successنجاح المشروع
- 10Project, program and portfolioالمشروع والبرنامج والمحفظة
- 11Project management softwareبرامج إدارة المشاريع
- 12Activity 1.1: relocating an officeالنشاط 1.1: نقل مكتب
تلميح: استخدم أسهم لوحة المفاتيح للتنقل بين الشرائح.
What is a project?ما المشروع؟
A group of related activities carried out to achieve a specific objective.
A temporary endeavor undertaken to create a unique product, service, or result.
أمثلة من الشريحة
- Building a bridge
- Making a film
- Re-organizing a company
A project can be…حجم المشروع ومدته
What is a project?
- Large or small — involving one person or thousands of people.
- Done in one day, or taking years to complete.
سؤال سريع
What is a project?
IT projectsمشاريع تقنية المعلومات
Information Technology (IT) projects are:
- Hardware projectsمشاريع العتاد
- Software projectsمشاريع البرمجيات
- A mix of themمزيج منهما
Six project attributesخصائص المشروع الست
حاول أن تتذكر معنى كل خاصية، ثم اضغط عليها لترى ما تقوله الشرائح.
- 1A unique purposeغرض فريد
Every project should have a well-defined objective.
- 2Temporaryمؤقت
A project has a definite beginning and end.
- 3Progressive elaborationالتفصيل التدريجي
Defined broadly when it begins; as time passes, the specific details become clearer.
- 4Requires resourcesيحتاج إلى موارد
Often from various areas: people, hardware, software, and other assets.
- 5A primary customer or sponsorعميل رئيسي أو راعٍ
The project sponsor usually provides the direction and funding for the project.
- 6Involves uncertaintyينطوي على عدم يقين
Because every project is unique, it can be difficult to define its objective clearly, estimate how long it will take, or determine how much it will cost.
مثال توضيحي · ليس من الشرائح
- Progressive elaboration: a team first knows only that it must “build a system for booking study rooms”. Months later it has exact screens, rules and reports — the details became clearer.
سؤال سريع
Project attributes
The iron triangleالمثلث الحديدي
The project objectives relating to cost, time and the degree to which requirements are satisfied (scope) are called the iron triangle — the triple constraints.
اضغط على كل ضلع لترى الأسئلة التي يجيب عنها.
Scopeالنطاق
- What work will be done as part of the project?
- What unique product, service, or result does the customer or sponsor expect from the project?
Timeالوقت
- How long should it take to complete the project?
- What is the project's schedule?
Costالتكلفة
- What should it cost to complete the project?
- What is the project's budget?
Successful project management means meeting all three goals (scope, time, and cost) — and satisfying the project's sponsor.
Change one side, the others moveتغيير ضلع يؤثر في الآخرَين
The iron triangle (triple constraints)
An increase or decrease in any of the three factors of the triangle will affect the others.
توقّع الإجابة أولًا، ثم اكشف ما تقوله الشرائح.
مثال 1 · الشريحة 13
The scope of requirements strays outside the area of compromise. What happens?
Cost or delivery time increases, and the project could not be achieved. The costs could exceed the value of the benefits (Cost > Benefit).
مثال 2 · الشريحة 14
The deadline for project completion has to be brought forward. What are the options?
Either the scope has to be reduced, or more staff could be employed to work in parallel — which would increase costs.
سؤال سريع
The iron triangle (triple constraints)
Project management and the project managerإدارة المشاريع ومدير المشروع
The application of knowledge, skills, tools and techniques to project activities to meet project requirements.
Someone responsible for CONTROLLING the work according to PLANS.
Project stakeholdersأصحاب المصلحة
Stakeholders are the people involved in or affected by project activities.
المذكورون في الشريحة 17
- Sponsor
- Customers
- Project team
- Suppliers
- Users
- Support staff
- Opponents of the project
Internal and external stakeholdersأصحاب المصلحة الداخليون والخارجيون
Project stakeholders
سؤال سريع
Project stakeholders
The ten knowledge areasمجالات المعرفة العشرة
اضغط على كل مجال لترى ما يشمله بحسب الشريحتين 19 و20.
- 1Scope managementإدارة النطاق
Defining and managing all the work required to complete the project successfully.
- 2Time managementإدارة الوقت
Estimating how long the work will take, developing an acceptable schedule, and ensuring timely completion.
- 3Cost managementإدارة التكلفة
Preparing and managing the budget for the project.
- 4Quality managementإدارة الجودة
Ensuring the project will satisfy the stated or implied needs for which it was undertaken.
- 5Human resource managementإدارة الموارد البشرية
Making effective use of the people involved with the project.
- 6Communications managementإدارة الاتصالات
Generating, collecting, disseminating, and storing project information.
- 7Risk managementإدارة المخاطر
Identifying, analyzing and responding to risks related to the project.
- 8Procurement managementإدارة المشتريات
Acquiring or procuring goods and services for a project from outside the performing organization.
- 9Stakeholder managementإدارة أصحاب المصلحة
Identifying and analyzing stakeholder needs.
- 10Integration managementإدارة التكامل
An overarching function that affects and is affected by all of the other knowledge areas.
سؤال سريع
The ten knowledge areas
Tools, techniques and super toolsالأدوات والتقنيات
Each knowledge area has its own tools and techniques. Four areas also list super tools.
| Knowledge areaمجال المعرفة | Tools & techniquesالأدوات والتقنيات | Super toolsالأدوات الفائقة |
|---|---|---|
| Integration managementإدارة التكامل |
|
|
| Scope managementإدارة النطاق |
|
|
| Time managementإدارة الوقت |
| Gantt charts |
| Cost managementإدارة التكلفة |
| لا تذكر الشرائح شيئًا هنا. |
| Quality managementإدارة الجودة |
| لا تذكر الشرائح شيئًا هنا. |
| Human resource managementإدارة الموارد البشرية |
| لا تذكر الشرائح شيئًا هنا. |
| Communications managementإدارة الاتصالات |
|
|
| Risk managementإدارة المخاطر |
| لا تذكر الشرائح شيئًا هنا. |
| Procurement managementإدارة المشتريات |
| لا تذكر الشرائح شيئًا هنا. |
سؤال سريع
Tools, techniques and super tools
Project successنجاح المشروع
Three ways to describe project success:
- 1Met scope, time and cost goalsتحقيق أهداف النطاق والوقت والتكلفة
- 2Satisfied the customer / sponsorإرضاء العميل أو الراعي
- 3Results met the main objectiveتحقيق الهدف الرئيسيe.g. making or saving a certain amount of money, providing a good return on investment, making the sponsors happy.
Project, program and portfolioالمشروع والبرنامج والمحفظة
A temporary endeavor undertaken by a company or organization (such as the creation of a new product, service, or result).
A group of projects that are similar or related to one another, often managed and coordinated as a group instead of independently.
A group of different programs and/or projects within the same organization, which may be related or unrelated.
Two programs in an IT departmentأمثلة على البرامج
Project, program and portfolio
Infrastructure programبرنامج البنية التحتية
- Providing more wireless Internet access
- Upgrading hardware and software
- Enhancing computer security
- Developing and maintaining corporate standards for IT
Applications development programبرنامج تطوير التطبيقات
- Updating an enterprise resource planning (ERP) system
- Purchasing a new off-the-shelf billing system
- Developing a new capability for a customer relationship management (CRM) system
Portfolio rolesأدوار المحفظة
Project, program and portfolio
Customers
Executive managementPortfolio manager
Account management
Portfolioالمحفظة
Programmeالبرنامج
Programmeالبرنامج
Strategic vs tactical goalsأهداف استراتيجية وتكتيكية
Project, program and portfolio
Project portfolio managementإدارة محافظ المشاريع
Strategic goalsأهداف استراتيجية
- Are we working on the right projects?
- Are we investing in the right areas?
- Do we have the right resources to be competitive?
Project managementإدارة المشاريع
Tactical goalsأهداف تكتيكية
- Are we carrying out projects well?
- Are projects on time and on budget?
- Do project stakeholders know what they should be doing?
Tactical goals are generally more specific and short-term than strategic goals, which emphasize long-term goals for an organization.
سؤال سريع
Project, program and portfolio
Project management softwareبرامج إدارة المشاريع
المذكورة في الشريحة 30
- Microsoft Project
- Basecamp
- Trello
- Asana
- ProjectLibre
- LibrePlan
- OpenProject
Activity 1.1: relocating an officeالنشاط 1.1: نقل مكتب
You manage an office department that is moving to a building five miles away. Day-to-day management of the move is delegated to one of your staff.
فكّر أولًا: في أي خطوات يجب أن تتدخل كمدير؟ ثم اكشف إجابة الشرائح.
خطوات النشاط
- (i)Survey existing office requirements (e.g. how many desks and chairs) and IT infrastructure, including servers and printers.
- (ii)Survey new office space.
- (iii)Plan new office layout — who and what will go where?Manager consulted · money involved
- (iv)Schedule the sequence of moves — it might be that not all staff should be moved at once, as this allows some continuity of service.Manager consulted · money involved
- (v)Select a removal company.Manager consulted · money involved
- (vi)Organize the setting up of the infrastructure.
- Checkpoint: just before packing — check everything is in order to go ahead.
- (vii)Pack up the old office.
- (viii)Transfer to the new office, including supervision of placement of furniture.
- (ix)Unpack in the new office.
- (x)Connect telephones, etc.
- Checkpoint: after connecting telephones — check out any outstanding problems.
النتيجة
Consulted when decisions are made — money is involved here.
سؤال سريع
Activity 1.1: relocating an office
الخلاصة
أنهيت الدرس
الخطوة التالية: ثبّت المعلومات بالبطاقات، ثم اختبر نفسك بالأسئلة.
ما راجعته في هذا الدرس
- What is a project?ما هو المشروع؟
- IT projectsمشاريع تقنية المعلومات
- Project attributesخصائص المشروع
- The iron triangle (triple constraints)المثلث الحديدي (القيود الثلاثة)
- Project management and the project managerإدارة المشاريع ومدير المشروع
- Project stakeholdersأصحاب المصلحة
- The ten knowledge areasمجالات المعرفة العشرة
- Tools, techniques and super toolsالأدوات والتقنيات والأدوات الفائقة
- Project successنجاح المشروع
- Project, program and portfolioالمشروع والبرنامج والمحفظة
- Project management softwareبرامج إدارة المشاريع
- Activity 1.1: relocating an officeالنشاط 1.1: نقل مكتب