What does scope refer to?
All the work involved in creating the products of the project and the processes used to create them.
What does project scope management include?
The processes involved in defining and controlling what is and is not included in a project.
Name the six scope management processes and their process groups.
Planning: plan scope management, collect requirements, define scope, create WBS. Monitoring and controlling: validate scope, control scope.
What does the scope management plan contain?
How to prepare a detailed scope statement; how to create a WBS; how to maintain and approve the WBS; how to obtain formal acceptance of completed deliverables; how to control requests for changes to the scope.
List the categories of requirements.
Hardware, software, functional, service, performance, quality, and training requirements.
List the six requirement collection techniques.
Interviewing stakeholders one on one; focus groups; questionnaires; observation; prototyping; benchmarking.
What is the trade-off between one-on-one interviews and focus groups?
Interviews are often very effective but can be expensive and time-consuming; focus groups are normally faster and less expensive.
What is a requirements traceability matrix (RTM)?
A table that lists requirements, their various attributes, and the status of the requirements to ensure that all are addressed.
What is the main purpose of an RTM?
To maintain the linkage from the source of each requirement through its decomposition to implementation and validation.
What are the key inputs for preparing the project scope statement?
The project charter, requirements documentation, and organizational process assets such as policies and procedures related to scope statements.
What should a project scope statement include?
A product scope description, product user acceptance criteria, detailed information on all project deliverables; project boundaries, constraints, and assumptions; and reference supporting documents.
What is a WBS?
A deliverable-oriented grouping of the work involved in a project that defines the total scope of the project; a foundation document for planning and managing schedules, costs, resources, and changes.
What are the main inputs to creating the WBS?
The project scope management plan, scope statement, requirements documentation, organizational process assets.
What is decomposition?
Subdividing project deliverables into smaller pieces — the main tool or technique for creating the WBS.
What is a work package, and what is a sub-task?
A work package is a task at the lowest level of each branch of the WBS; it cannot be sub-divided and is the level the project manager monitors and controls. Tasks that are sub-divided are called sub-tasks (ST).
List the five approaches to developing a WBS.
Using guidelines; the analogy approach; the top-down approach; the bottom-up approach; the mind-mapping approach.
What is the difference between the top-down and bottom-up approaches?
Top-down starts with the largest items of the project and breaks them down; bottom-up starts with the specific tasks and rolls them up.
What is a WBS dictionary?
A document that provides detailed information about each WBS item — a definition of the work involved that clarifies the summary description in the WBS.
What are the outputs of creating the WBS?
Scope baseline and project requirements updates.
What is scope creep, and how is it minimized?
The tendency for project scope to keep getting bigger and bigger. To minimize scope changes, it is crucial to validate project scope.
What does scope validation involve?
Formal acceptance of the completed project deliverables, often achieved by a customer inspection and then sign-off on key deliverables.
What are the goals of scope control?
Influence the factors that cause scope changes; assure changes are processed according to integrated change control procedures; manage changes when they occur.
What is variance analysis?
An important tool to perform scope control; variance is the difference between planned and actual performance.