Project Communications Managementإدارة اتصالات المشروع
مقدمة الفصل
ماذا ستتعلم في هذا الفصل
- Project communication management.
- Keys to good communications.
أقسام الفصل
- 1Why communication matters and the communications processesأهمية الاتصال وعملياته
- 2Planning and managing communicationsتخطيط الاتصالات وإدارتها
- 3Controlling communicationsالتحكم في الاتصالات
- 4Keys to good communicationsمفاتيح الاتصال الجيد
تلميح: استخدم أسهم لوحة المفاتيح للتنقل بين الشرائح.
Why project communication mattersأهمية الاتصال
Why communication matters and the communications processes
Many experts agree that the greatest threat to the success of any project, especially IT projects, is a failure to communicate.
Slides 4–5
- 1
Communication leads to cooperation,
- 2
which leads to coordination,
- 3
which leads to project harmony,
- 4
which leads to project success.
Communications management processesعمليات إدارة الاتصالات
Why communication matters and the communications processes
| Process groupالمجموعة | Processالعملية | Outputsالمخرجات |
|---|---|---|
| Planning | Plan communications management |
|
| Executing | Manage communications |
|
| Monitoring and controlling | Control communications |
|
سؤال سريع
Why communication matters and the communications processes
Planning communications managementخطة إدارة الاتصالات
Planning and managing communications
Every project should include a communications management plan that describes:
- Stakeholder communications requirements.
- Information to be communicated, including format, content, and level of detail.
- Who will receive the information and who will produce it.
- Suggested methods or technologies for conveying the information.
- Frequency of communication.
- Escalation procedures for resolving issues.
- Revision procedures for updating the communications management plan.
- A glossary of common terminology.
Managing communications: using technologyإدارة الاتصالات بالتقنية
Planning and managing communications
إدارة الاتصالات تشمل
- Using technology to enhance information creation and distribution
- Selecting the appropriate communication methods and media
- Reporting performance
- Technology can facilitate creating and distributing information, when used effectively.
- Project documents, schedules, meeting minutes, and customer requests can be created, organized and made available in an electronic format.
- Store information locally or in the cloud; storing templates and samples electronically makes standard forms easier to access.
- Have backup procedures in place in case something goes wrong with normal communications technologies.
- Slide 13 shows an example of a project communication tool (Basecamp).
Communication methods and performance reportingطرق الاتصال وتقارير الأداء
Planning and managing communications
| Methodالطريقة | How it worksكيف تعمل | Meansالوسائل | Noteملاحظة |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1. Push | Information is sent to recipients without their request. |
| Ensures the information is distributed, but not that it was received or understood. |
| 2. Pull | Information is sent to recipients at their request. |
| لا تذكر الشرائح شيئًا هنا. |
| 3. Interactive | Two or more people interact to exchange information. |
| Usually the most effective way to ensure common understanding. |
Keeps stakeholders informed about how resources are being used to achieve project objectives; also motivates workers to have some progress to report.
سؤال سريع
Planning and managing communications
Controlling communicationsالتحكم في الاتصالات
To ensure the optimal flow of information throughout the entire project life cycle.
- The project manager and team use their various reporting systems, expert judgment, and meetings to assess how well communications are working.
- If communication problems exist, they need to take action, which often requires changes to the earlier processes of planning and managing project communications.
Keys to good communicationsمفاتيح الاتصال الجيد
تذكّر كل مفتاح ثم اكشف شرحه.
- 1Focusing on group and individual communication needs
Understand individual and group preferences; personality traits affect communication preferences; be aware of team members' communication styles; geographic location and cultural background affect complexity.
- 2Formal and informal methods for communicating
Formal: reports, e-mails, web pages, formal meetings. Informal: informal meetings, personal social media. (Slide 24: combining written/verbal with formal/informal gives formal written, formal verbal, informal written and informal verbal.)
- 3Distributing important information in an effective and timely manner
Include detailed technical information that affects critical performance features; document any changes in technical specifications; oral communication via meetings and informal talks helps bring important information.
- 4Setting the stage for communicating bad news
Put information in context; know how a problem will affect the whole project and the organization; recommend steps to mitigate it.
- 5Determining the number of communication channels
As the number of people increases, communications become more complex.
Number of communication channelsعدد قنوات الاتصال
Keys to good communications
As the number of people involved increases, the complexity of communications increases because there are more communications channels or pathways through which people can communicate.
Number of communications channels = n(n − 1) / 2, where n is the number of people involved.
| People (n) | Calculation | Channels |
|---|---|---|
| 2 | 2(2 − 1) / 2 | 1 |
| 3 | 3(3 − 1) / 2 | 3 |
| 4 | 4(4 − 1) / 2 | 6 |
| 5 | 5(5 − 1) / 2 | 10 |
سؤال سريع
Keys to good communications
الخلاصة
أنهيت الدرس
الخطوة التالية: ثبّت المعلومات بالبطاقات، ثم اختبر نفسك بالأسئلة.