Network Managementإدارة الشبكات
مقدمة الفصل
ماذا ستتعلم في هذا الفصل
- What is network management?
- Internet-standard management framework: Structure of Management Information (SMI); Management Information Base (MIB); SNMP protocol operations; security and administration.
أقسام الفصل
- 1What is network management?ما إدارة الشبكات؟
- 2SNMP overview and SMIنظرة عامة على SNMP وSMI
- 3MIB modules and SMI examplesوحدات MIB وأمثلة SMI
- 4SNMP naming: the ISO object identifier treeتسمية SNMP: شجرة معرّفات كائنات ISO
- 5SNMP protocol: modes, message types and formatsبروتوكول SNMP: الأوضاع وأنواع الرسائل وصيغها
- 6SNMP security and administrationأمن SNMP وإدارته
تلميح: استخدم أسهم لوحة المفاتيح للتنقل بين الشرائح.
What is network management?ما إدارة الشبكات؟
- Autonomous systems (aka "network"): 1000s of interacting hardware/software components.
- Other complex systems requiring monitoring, control: jet airplane, nuclear power plant.
"Network management includes the deployment, integration and coordination of the hardware, software, and human elements to monitor, test, poll, configure, analyze, evaluate, and control the network and element resources to meet the real-time, operational performance, and Quality of Service requirements at a reasonable cost."
Infrastructure for network managementبنية إدارة الشبكة
What is network management?
Holds the management data and talks to the agents using the network management protocol.
Contains an agent and managed objects whose data is gathered into a Management Information Base (MIB).
Runs between the managing entity and the agents in the managed devices.
Network management standardsمعايير الإدارة
What is network management?
OSI CMIP
Common Management Information Protocol
- Designed 1980's: the unifying net management standard
- Too slowly standardized
SNMP
Simple Network Management Protocol
- Internet roots (SGMP)
- Started simple; deployed, adopted rapidly
- Growth: size, complexity
- Currently: SNMP V3
- De facto network management standard
SNMP overview: 4 key partsأجزاء SNMP الأربعة
SNMP overview and SMI
تذكّر دور كل جزء قبل الكشف.
- Management information base (MIB)
Distributed information store of network management data.
- Structure of Management Information (SMI)
Data definition language for MIB objects.
- SNMP protocol
Convey manager<->managed object info, commands.
- Security, administration capabilities
Major addition in SNMPv3.
SMI: data definition languageلغة SMI
SNMP overview and SMI
Syntax, semantics of management data well-defined, unambiguous.
Straightforward, boring.
Data type, status, semantics of managed object.
Groups related objects into MIB module.
Basic Data Types (as printed on slide 8)
- INTEGER
- Integer32
- Unsigned32
- OCTET STRING
- OBJECT IDENTIFIED
- IPaddress
- Counter32
- Counter64
- Guage32
- Time Ticks
- Opaque
SNMP MIB and SMI examplesMIB وأمثلة SMI
MIB modules and SMI examples
- MIB module specified via SMI MODULE-IDENTITY (100 standardized MIBs, more vendor-specific).
- Objects specified via SMI OBJECT-TYPE construct.
OBJECT-TYPE: ipInDelivers
- SYNTAX Counter32
- MAX-ACCESS read-only
- STATUS current
- DESCRIPTION "The total number of input datagrams successfully delivered to IP user-protocols (including ICMP)"
- ::= { ip 9 }
MODULE-IDENTITY: ipMIB
- LAST-UPDATED, ORGANZATION "IETF SNPv2 Working Group" (spelling as printed), CONTACT-INFO
- DESCRIPTION "The MIB module for managing IP and ICMP implementations, but excluding their management of IP routes."
- REVISION …
- ::= { mib-2 48 }
MIB example: UDP moduleوحدة UDP
MIB modules and SMI examples
| Object ID | Name | Type | Comments |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1.3.6.1.2.1.7.1 | UDPInDatagrams | Counter32 | total # datagrams delivered at this node |
| 1.3.6.1.2.1.7.2 | UDPNoPorts | Counter32 | # underliverable datagrams: no application at port |
| 1.3.6.1.2.1.7.3 | UDInErrors | Counter32 | # undeliverable datagrams: all other reasons |
| 1.3.6.1.2.1.7.4 | UDPOutDatagrams | Counter32 | # datagrams sent |
| 1.3.6.1.2.1.7.5 | udpTable | SEQUENCE | one entry for each port in use by app, gives port # and IP address |
SNMP namingالتسمية في SNMP
Question (slide 12)
How to name every possible standard object (protocol, data, more..) in every possible network standard??
**ISO Object Identifier tree**: hierarchical naming of all objects; each branchpoint has name, number.
1.3.6.1.2.1.7.1 = udpInDatagrams (labels as printed on slide 12)
- 1
ISO
- 3
ISO-ident. Org.
- 6
US DoD
- 1
Internet
- 2
management
- 1
MIB2
- 7
UDP
- 1
udpInDatagrams
SNMP protocol: two modesوضعا SNMP
SNMP protocol: modes, message types and formats
Request/response modeالطلب والاستجابة
- Managing entity sends a request
- Agent in the managed device sends a response
Trap modeوضع التنبيه
- Agent in the managed device sends a trap msg
- to the managing entity
SNMP message types and formatsرسائل SNMP
SNMP protocol: modes, message types and formats
| Message type | Function |
|---|---|
| GetRequest, GetNextRequest, GetBulkRequest | Mgr-to-agent: "get me data" (instance, next in list, block) |
| InformRequest | Mgr-to-Mgr: here's MIB value |
| SetRequest | Mgr-to-agent: set MIB value |
| Response | Agent-to-mgr: value, response to Request |
| Trap | Agent-to-mgr: inform manager of exceptional event |
Get/set header
- PDU type (0-3)
- Request ID
- Error Status (0-5)
- Error Index
- Then variables to get/set: Name, Value, …
Trap header
- PDU type 4
- Enterprise
- Agent Addr
- Trap Type (0-7)
- Specific code
- Time stamp
- Then trap info: Name, Value, …
SNMP security and administrationأمن SNMP
DES-encrypt SNMP message.
Compute, send MIC(m,k): compute hash (MIC) over message (m), secret shared key (k).
Use nonce.
SNMP entity maintains database of access rights, policies for various users; database itself accessible as managed object!
الخلاصة
أنهيت الدرس
الخطوة التالية: ثبّت المعلومات بالبطاقات، ثم اختبر نفسك بالأسئلة.
ما راجعته في هذا الدرس
- What is network management?ما إدارة الشبكات؟
- SNMP overview and SMIنظرة عامة على SNMP وSMI
- MIB modules and SMI examplesوحدات MIB وأمثلة SMI
- SNMP naming: the ISO object identifier treeتسمية SNMP: شجرة معرّفات كائنات ISO
- SNMP protocol: modes, message types and formatsبروتوكول SNMP: الأوضاع وأنواع الرسائل وصيغها
- SNMP security and administrationأمن SNMP وإدارته